Bulgarian Kursive Шрифт
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𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐢𝐧 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬. 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐦 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐬, 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬, 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬, 𝐞𝐜𝐭.
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐃 𝐄 𝐅 𝐆 𝐇 𝐈 𝐉 𝐊 𝐋 𝐌 𝐍 𝐎 𝐏 𝐐 𝐑 𝐒 𝐓 𝐔 𝐕 𝐖 𝐗 𝐘 𝐙. 𝐚 𝐛 𝐜 𝐝 𝐞 𝐟 𝐠 𝐡 𝐢 𝐣 𝐤 𝐥 𝐦 𝐧 𝐨 𝐩 𝐪 𝐫 𝐬 𝐭 𝐮 𝐯 𝐰 𝐱 𝐲 𝐳. 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌾 𐋏 𐌆 𐌳 𐌊 𐌋 𐌑 𐌽 𐍈 𐌓 𐍉 𐍂 𐍃 𐌕 𐌵 𐠨 𐤔 𐌗 𐍅 乙.
ᵃ ᵇ ᶜ ᵈ ᵉ ᶠ ᵍ ʰ ᶤ ʲ ᵏ ˡ ᵐ ᶰ ᵒ ᵖ ᵠ ʳ ˢ ᵗ ᵘ ᵛ ʷ ˣ ʸ ᶻ. ᗩ ᗷ ᑕ ᗪ ᗴ ᖴ Ǥ ᕼ Ꭵ ᒎ ᛕ ᒪ ᗰ ᑎ ᗝ ᑭ Ɋ ᖇ ᔕ 丅 ᑌ ᐯ ᗯ ᙭ Ƴ 乙.
卂 乃 匚 ᗪ 乇 千 Ꮆ 卄 丨 ﾌ Ҝ ㄥ 爪 几 ㄖ 卩 Ɋ 尺 丂 ㄒ ㄩ ᐯ 山 乂 ㄚ 乙. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ. ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ. ɐ q ɔ p ǝ ɟ ƃ ɥ!
ɾ ʞ ן ɯ u o d b ɹ s ʇ n ʌ ʍ x ʎ z. a в c d e ғ g н ι j ĸ l м n o p q r ѕ т υ v w х y z 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲:).
. Cyrillic. Cyrillic Supplement.
Cyrillic Extended-A. Cyrillic Extended-B. Cyrillic Extended-C This article contains phonetic symbols. Without proper, you may see instead of characters.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see. This article contains. Without proper, you may see, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Cyrillic letters. The Cyrillic script is a used for various alphabets across (particularity in, the, and ). It is based on the developed during the 9th century AD at the in the. It is the basis of used in various languages, especially those of origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around 252 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages, with accounting for about half of them.
With the on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the, following and. Cyrillic is derived from the, augmented by letters from the older, including some. These additional letters were used for sounds not found in Greek. The script is named in honor of the two brothers, who created the Glagolitic alphabet earlier on.
Modern scholars believe that Cyrillic was developed and formalized by early disciples of Cyril and Methodius. In the early 18th century, the Cyrillic script used in Russia was heavily reformed by, who had recently returned from his in.
The new form of letters became closer to the Latin alphabet, several archaic letters were removed and several letters were personally designed by Peter the Great (such as Я which was inspired by Latin R). West European typography culture was also adopted. A page from the Church Slavonic Grammar of (1619) Yeri ( Ы) was originally a of Yer and I ( Ъ + І = Ы). Was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter І: (not ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from Ѧ), Ѥ, Ю (ligature of І and ОУ), Ѩ, Ѭ. Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example И = І = Ї, as were typographical variants like О = Ѻ. There were also commonly used ligatures like ѠТ = Ѿ. The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters'.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 А В Г Д Є Ѕ З И Ѳ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 І К Л М Н Ѯ Ѻ П Ч ( ) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Р С Т Ѵ Ф Х Ѱ Ѿ Ц The early Cyrillic alphabet is difficult to represent on computers. Many of the letterforms differed from modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal in, and changed over time. Few fonts include adequate to reproduce the alphabet. In accordance with policy, the standard does not include letterform variations or found in manuscript sources unless they can be shown to conform to the Unicode definition of a character.
The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improves computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern language. In Microsoft Windows, the user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. Letters of the Cyrillic alphabet (see also ) Important Cyrillic non-Slavic letters Cyrillic letters used in the past Letterforms and typography The development of Cyrillic passed directly from the stage to the late, without a phase as in.
Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (still found on many inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters., Czar of Russia, mandated the use of westernized letter forms in the early 18th century. Over time, these were largely adopted in the other languages that use the script.
Thus, unlike the majority of modern Greek fonts that retained their own set of design principles for lower-case letters (such as the placement of, the shapes of stroke ends, and stroke-thickness rules, although Greek capital letters do use Latin design principles), modern Cyrillic fonts are much the same as modern Latin fonts of the same font family. The development of some Cyrillic computer typefaces from Latin ones has also contributed to the visual Latinization of Cyrillic type.
Letters Ge, De, I, I kratkoye, Em, Te, Tse, Be and Ve in upright (printed) and cursive (hand-written) variants. (Top is set in Georgia font, bottom in Odessa Script.) Cyrillic and letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. Upright Cyrillic lowercase letters are essentially (with exceptions: Cyrillic ⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨і⟩, ⟨ј⟩, ⟨р⟩, and ⟨у⟩ adopted Western lowercase shapes, lowercase ⟨ф⟩ is typically designed under the influence of Latin ⟨p⟩, lowercase ⟨б⟩, ⟨ђ⟩ and ⟨ћ⟩ are traditional handwritten forms), although a good-quality Cyrillic typeface will still include separate small-caps glyphs. Cyrillic fonts, as well as Latin ones, have and types (practically all popular modern fonts include parallel sets of Latin and Cyrillic letters, where many glyphs, uppercase as well as lowercase, are simply shared by both). However, the native font terminology in most Slavic languages (for example, in Russian) does not use the words 'roman' and 'italic' in this sense. Instead, the nomenclature follows German naming patterns. Cyrillic letters in cursive.
Roman type is called pryamoy shrift ('upright type')—compare with Normalschrift ('regular type') in German. Italic type is called kursiv ('cursive') or kursivniy shrift ('cursive type')—from the German word Kursive, meaning italic typefaces and not cursive writing. handwriting is rukopisniy shrift ('hand-written type') in Russian—in German: or Laufschrift, both meaning literally 'running type' As in Latin typography, a face may have a mechanically sloped oblique type ( naklonniy shrift—'sloped', or 'slanted type') instead of italic. Similarly to Latin fonts, italic and cursive types of many Cyrillic letters (typically lowercase; uppercase only for hand-written or stylish types) are very different from their upright roman types.
In certain cases, the correspondence between uppercase and lowercase glyphs does not coincide in Latin and Cyrillic fonts: for example, italic Cyrillic ⟨ т⟩ is the lowercase counterpart of ⟨ Т⟩ not of ⟨ М⟩. A boldfaced type is called poluzhirniy shrift ('semi-bold type'), because there existed fully boldfaced shapes that have been out of use since the beginning of the 20th century. A bold italic combination (bold slanted) does not exist for all font families. In Standard Serbian, as well as in Macedonian, some italic and cursive letters are allowed to be different to resemble more to the handwritten letters. The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations. The following table shows the differences between the upright and italic Cyrillic letters of the. Italic forms significantly different from their upright analogues, or especially confusing to users of a Latin alphabet, are highlighted.
Also available as a. А б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я Note: in some fonts or styles, lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨д⟩ (⟨ д⟩) may look like Latin ⟨ g⟩ and lowercase italic Cyrillic ⟨т⟩ (⟨ т⟩) may look exactly like a capital italic ⟨T⟩ (⟨ T⟩), only small.
The Cyrillic script was created in the. Its first variant, the, was created at the. It is derived from the letters, augmented by and consonants from the older for sounds not found in Greek. Tradition holds that Cyrillic and Glagolitic were formalized either by who brought Christianity to the southern Slavs, or by their disciples. Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the under Tsar that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books. Later Cyrillic spread among other Slavic peoples, as well as among non-Slavic. Cyrillic and were used for the, especially the variant.
Hence expressions such as 'И is the tenth Cyrillic letter' typically refer to the order of the Church Slavonic alphabet; not every Cyrillic alphabet uses every letter available in the script. The Cyrillic script came to dominate Glagolitic in the 12th century. The literature produced in the Old Bulgarian language soon spread north and became the of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, where it came to also be known as. The alphabet used for the modern in and rites still resembles early Cyrillic. However, over the course of the following millennium, Cyrillic adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reform and political decrees.
A notable example of such linguistic reform can be attributed to who updated the by removing certain graphemes no longer represented in the vernacular, and introducing graphemes specific to Serbian (i.e. Љ Њ Ђ Ћ Џ Ј), distancing it from Church Slavonic alphabet in use prior to the reform.
Today, in the, Eastern Europe, and are written in Cyrillic alphabets. Relationship to other writing systems Latin script. Main article: As of Unicode version 11.0, Cyrillic letters, including national and historical alphabets, are encoded across several:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: The characters in the range U+0400 to U+045F are basically the characters from moved upward by 864 positions.
The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. The characters in the range U+048A to U+052F are additional letters for various languages that are written with Cyrillic script. Unicode as a general rule does not include accented Cyrillic letters. A few exceptions are:. combinations that are considered as separate letters of respective alphabets, like, (as well as many letters of non-Slavic alphabets);.
two most frequent combinations orthographically required to distinguish in Bulgarian and Macedonian:,;. a few Old and New Church Slavonic combinations:,. To indicate stressed or long vowels, can be used after the respective letter (for example, U+0301 ◌́ combining acute accent: ы́ э́ ю́ я́ etc.).
Some languages, including, are still not fully supported. Unicode 5.1, released on 4 April 2008, introduces major changes to the Cyrillic blocks. Revisions to the existing Cyrillic blocks, and the addition of Cyrillic Extended A (2DE0.2DFF) and Cyrillic Extended B (A640.A69F), significantly improve support for the, and. Other Punctuation for Cyrillic text is similar to that used in European Latin-alphabet languages. Other systems for Cyrillic:. – 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by for use in also known as GOST-alternative. Cyrillic characters go in their native order, with a 'window' for pseudographic characters.
– 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by. – 8-bit native Russian character encoding. Invented in the USSR for use on Soviet clones of American IBM and DEC computers. The Cyrillic characters go in the order of their Latin counterparts, which allowed the text to remain readable after transmission via a 7-bit line that removed the from each byte—the result became a very rough, but readable, Latin transliteration of Cyrillic. Standard encoding of early 1990s for systems and the first Russian Internet encoding. – KOI8-R with addition of Ukrainian letters. – 8-bit native Bulgarian character encoding for use in.
– 8-bit Cyrillic character encoding established by Microsoft for use in. The simplest 8-bit Cyrillic encoding—32 capital chars in native order at 0xc0–0xdf, 32 usual chars at 0xe0–0xff, with rarely used 'YO' characters somewhere else.
No pseudographics. Former standard encoding in some / distributions for Belarusian and Bulgarian, but currently displaced by. – Principally simplified Chinese encodings, but there are also the basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case). and – Principally Japanese encodings, but there are also the basic 33 Russian Cyrillic letters (in upper- and lower-case). Keyboard layouts.
Retrieved 2015-01-14. Dvornik, Francis (1956). The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or 'modernized' with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs. Florin Curta (2006).
Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press. Hussey, Andrew Louth (2010). 'The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire'.
Oxford University Press. Leonard Orban (24 May 2007). Retrieved 3 August 2014.
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846, s.v., 'Cyril and Methodius, Saints' and 'Eastern Orthodoxy, Missions ancient and modern'; Encyclopedia of World Cultures, David H. Levinson, 1991, p. 239, s.v., 'Social Science'; Eric M.
Meyers, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, p. 151, 1997; Lunt, Slavic Review, June 1964, p. 216; Roman Jakobson, Crucial problems of Cyrillo-Methodian Studies; Leonid Ivan Strakhovsky, A Handbook of Slavic Studies, p. Bogdanovich, History of the ancient Serbian literature, Belgrade, 1980, p. Retrieved 22 March 2016. Хрестоматия по Старославянскому Языку, 1984. Cubberley, Paul.
The Slavic Alphabets, 1996. Variant form Ꙃ. Variant form Ꙋ. Variant form ЪИ. Lunt, Horace G. Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Seventh Edition, 2001.
Bringhurst (2002) writes 'in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets.' (p 32) and 'in most Cyrillic faces, the lower case is close in color and shape to Latin small caps' (p 107).
Name ital'yanskiy shrift (Italian font) in Russian refers to a particular font family 26 September 2007 at the., whereas rimskiy shrift (roman font) is just a synonym for Latin font, Latin alphabet. Skopje: Institut za makedonski jazik Krste Misirkov. Peshikan, Mitar; Jerković, Jovan; Pižurica, Mato (1994). Pravopis srpskoga jezika.
Beograd: Matica Srpska. Reuters (2017-10-26). The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-10-30., Retrieved 2011-06-20.
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165. ^ Paul Cubberley (1996) 'The Slavic Alphabets'. In Daniels and Bright, eds.
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Bogdanovich, History of the ancient Serbian literature, Belgrade, 1980, p.119. The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05, O.Ed. Saints Cyril and Methodius 'Cyril and Methodius, Saints) 869 and 884, respectively, “Greek missionaries, brothers, called Apostles to the Slavs and fathers of Slavonic literature.' .
Encyclopædia Britannica, Major alphabets of the world, Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets, 2008, O.Ed. 'The two early Slavic alphabets, the Cyrillic and the Glagolitic, were invented by St. Cyril, or Constantine (c. 827–869), and St. These men from Thessaloniki who became apostles to the southern Slavs, whom they converted to Christianity.' .
Kazhdan, Alexander P. The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. Constantine (Cyril) and his brother Methodius were the sons of the droungarios Leo and Maria, who may have been a Slav. 'On the relationship of old Church Slavonic to the written language of early Rus' Horace G. Lunt; Russian Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 2–3 / January, 1987. Schenker, Alexander (1995).
The Dawn of Slavic. Yale University Press. Pp. 185–186, 189–190. Lunt, Horace. Old Church Slavonic Grammar.
Mouton de Gruyter. Wien, Lysaght (1983). Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian)-Middle Greek-Modern English dictionary. Verlag Bruder Hollinek. Benjamin W. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, p. 374.
(PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-13. References. Ivan G. Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet. (version 2.5), pp. 262–264.
Vancouver, Hartley & Marks. Nezirović, M. Jevrejsko-španjolska književnost.
Bulgarian Kursive Шрифт Скачать
Sarajevo: Svjetlost. cited in Šmid, 2002. Šmid, Katja (2002). Archived from (PDF) on 7 April 2008.
(603 )', in Verba Hispanica, vol X. Liubliana: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Liubliana. 'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St.
Bulgarian Cursive Шрифт
Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library. Philipp Ammon: in: Sjani (Thoughts) Georgian Scientific Journal of Literary Theory and Comparative Literature, N 17, 2016, pp. 248–56 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. overview and history of Cyrillic charsets., a collection of writing systems and transliteration tables. review of Cyrillic charsets in Slavic Languages., article about the Cyrillic script. Vladimir M.
Alpatov (24 January 2013). Soundcloud (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 28 January 2016.